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1995-10-31
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JANUARY
January 1
Heinrich Hertz, German physicist and pioneer of radio communication (1894).
L Ron Hubbard, American sci-fi writer and founder of Scientology (1986).
January 2
Ovid, full name Puplius Ovidius Naso, Roman Poet (AD17).
Dick Emery, British comedian (1983).
January 3
Josiah Wedgwood, celebrated English manufacturer of earthenware (1795).
January 4
Donald Campbell, trying to achieve a speed of 300mph at Coniston Water, England (1967).
T S Eliot, American-born British poet (1965).
January 5
Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, English Antarctic explorer (1922).
January 7
Trevor Howard, English actor (1988).
January 8
St Gudula, the patroness-saint of Brussels (712).
Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and physicist, one of the founders of modern science (1642).
January 9
Napoleon Bonaparte, French emperor, (1873).
January 10
Gabrielle Coco Chanel, French fashion designer (1971).
January 11
Sir Hans Sloane, English physician and naturalist (1753).
January 16
Edward Gibbon, English historian and author (1794).
January 21
Louis XVI, King of France, guillotined with his wife during the French Revolution (1793).
Cecil B. De Mille, US film producer and director known for his lavish biblical epics (1959).
January 24
Sir Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister (1965).
January 28
Charlemagne, King of the Franks and creator of the Holy Roman Empire (814).
Sir Francis Drake, English sailor and explorer (1596).
January 30
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, 'Mahatma', Indian leader, assassinated (1948).
Orville Wright, US aviation (1948).
January 31
Winter, Rockwood, Keys and Guy Fawkes, executed for being the Gunpowder Conspirators
(1606).
FEBRUARY
February 1
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, English writer and author of Frankenstein (1851).
February 7
Anne Radcliffe, influential English novelist (1823).
February 11
René Descartes, French mathematician and father of modern philosophy (1650).
February 12
Immanuel Kant, German philosopher (1804).
February 13
Jean Renoir, French film director and son of the famous painter (1979).
February 14
St Valentine, priest and martyr (270).
Captain James Cook, English naval explorer, killed by natives at Hawaii (1779).
February 15
John Hadley, English inventor of the sextant (1744).
February 17
Michaelangelo Buonarotti, Italian painter, sculptor, and poet (1563).
February 18
Martin Luther, German Protestant theologian (1546).
February 21
Malcolm X, American political activist and leader of the Black Muslims (1965).
February 24
John Keats, English poet (1821).
February 25
Sir Christopher Wren, English architect of over 40 London buildings (1723).
February 28
Olof Palme, Swedish Prime Minister, assassinated while walking home, Stockholm (1986).
MARCH
March 1
St David, Welsh monk, patron saint of Wales (544).
William Caxton, English printer and the first to print books in England (1468).
March 2
John Wesley, English preacher and co-founder of Methodism (1791).
March 3
Lou Costello, US actor and comedian (1959).
March 5
Sergei Prokofiev, Russian composer (1953).
March 6
Sir John Hawkwood, the first English general (1393).
David Crockett, US frontiersman and politician, killed at the siege of the Alamo (1836).
March 8
Sir Thomas Beecham Bt., conductor (1961).
March 10
Muzio Clementi, pianist and composer (1832).
March 11
Sir Alexander Fleming, Scottish bacteriologist (1955).
March 12
Anne Frank, Dutch Jewish diarist, in a Nazi concentration camp (1945).
March 15
Julius Caesar, dictator of the Roman Empire (44BC).
H P Lovecraft, US author of the macabre (1937).
March 17
St Patrick (464 or 493), Apostle and patron saint of Ireland.
March 18
Ivan IV ('The Terrible'), Tsar of Russia (1584).
Sir Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, statesman (1745).
March 19
Mary Anning, English palaeontologist who discovered the first ichthyosaur (1847).
Edgar Rice Burroughs, US novelist and creator of Tarzan (1950).
March 20
Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist (1727).
March 21
St Benedict, Italian hermit (550).
*Good Friday
Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, the central figure in Christian religion, crucified in Palestine
(32AD).
March 24
Jules Verne, French novelist (1905)./
March 25
Claude Debussy, French composer (1918).
March 26
Ludwig van Beethoven, prolific German music composer (1827).
Charlotte Bronté (Mrs Nicol), English novelist (1855).
March 28
Viriginia Woolf, author and critic (1941).
March 31
Charlotte Brontë, novelist (1855).
APRIL
April 1
Max Ernst, German surrealist painter (1976).
April 3
John Napier, Scottish mathematician and inventor of logarithms (1617).
Jesse James, notorious US outlaw of the wild west, shot in the back (1882).
April 4
Martin Luther King, US civil-rights leader, assassinated by James Earl Ray (1968).
April 5
Georges Danton, French revolutionary leader, executed by guillotine (1794).
April 6
Richard I 'Richard The Lionheart', King of England (1199).
Sanzio Raffaelle, Italian painter (1520).
April 7
Henry Ford, US Motor Car Manufacturer (1947).
April 8
Elisha Graves Otis, US inventor of the safety lift (1861).
Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, sculptor, and graphic artist (1973).
April 9
Lord Lovat, a Scottish Jacobite, last person in Britain to be executed by being beheaded (1747).
April 12
Charles-Joseph Messsier, French astronomer (1817).
April 13
George Frederick Handel, German-born, England-resident baroque composer (1759).
April 14
Frederic March, US Oscar-winning actor (1975).
April 15
Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of the (1865).
April 16
Madame Tussaud, French founder of London's Madame Tussaud Wax Museum (1850).
April 17
Benjamin Franklin, US statesman, inventor and scientist (1790).
April 19
Lord George Gordon Byron, English poet (1824).
April 21
Mark Twain, US novelist (1910).
April 22
Richard Trevithick, steam engineer (1833).
April 23
William Shakespeare, English writer (1616).
William Wordsworth, English playwright and poet (1850).
April 24
Daniel Defoe, novelist, journalist and author of the first English novel (1731).
April 26
Count (William) Basie, US jazz pianist and bandleader (1984).
April 28
Died, a goat that had twice circumnavigated the globe (1772).
April 29
Alfred Hitchcock, English-born film director (1980).
MAY
May 1
John Dryden, first official Poet Laureate (1700).
Ayrton Senna, Brazilian motor-racing driver, sustained fatal injuries after (1994).
May 2
Leonardo da Vinci, Italian artist, scientist, inventor and designer (1519).
May 5
(of cancer) Napoleon Bonaparte, French general (1821).
May 6
Frank Baum, American children's story writer (1919).
May 8
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, considered the father of modern chemistry (1794).
Paul Gauguin, French painter (1903).
May 11
Spencer Perceval, British Prime Minister, assassinated in the House of Commons (1812).
May 12
(of syphilis) Bedrich Smetana, composer and founder of Czech music (1884).
May 13
John Nash, English architect (1835).
May 14
Henry Heinz, American food manufacturer (1919).
Henry Rider Haggard, English novelist (1925).
May 16
Charles Perrault, French fairytale writer and collector (1703).
Jim Henson, creator of the Muppets, of pneumonia in New York (1990).
May 17
Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter famous for his mythological paintings (1510).
May 19
Pierre Beaumarchais, French comic dramatist (1799).
T E Lawrence, 'Lawrence of Arabia', British soldier and writer (1935).
May 20
(in poverty) Christopher Columbus, Italian-born Spanish explorer (1506).
Jacqueline Onassis, wife of Aristotle, widow of President Kennedy (1994).
May 22
Victor Hugo, French poet, novelist, dramatist and author of Les Misérables (1885).
May 23
outlaws Bonnie and Clyde killed in an ambush, Louisiana, USA (1934).
Judge Giovanni Falcone, famous anti-Mafia investigator, killed by a car bomb (1992).
May 24
Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer (1543).
May 25
Samuel Pepys, Englishman made famous by his personal Diary (1703).
May 26
Franz Joseph Haydn, Austrian musical composer and teacher of Mozart and Beethoven (1809).
May 28
Noah Webster, American lexicographer (1843).
(tuberculosis) Anne Bronte, English novelist, sister of Charlotte and Emily (1849).
May 30
Joan d'Arc, Saint (known as the 'Maid of Orleans'), French national heroine (1431).
May 31
during childbirth Charlotte Brontë, English novelist (1855).
JUNE
June 2
Giuseppe Garibalddi, Italian patriot and military leader (1882).
June 3
William Harvey, English physician and discover of the circulation of blood (1657).
Jethro Tull, English agriculturist who invented drill-sowing (1740).
June 6
Robert Kennedy, American Attorney-General (1968).
June 7
Dorothy Parker, US author and journalist (1967).
June 8
Muhammad, Arab prophet and founder of Islam, buried in Medina, Saudi Arabia (632).
Russell Harty, English broadcaster (1988).
June 9
Nero, Roman Emperor, adopted son and successor of Claudius (AD68).
Charles Dickens, English novelist (1870).
June 10
14 women and 5 men, hanged at the end of witch hunt trials, Salem, America (1692),
June 11
Roger Bacon, English philosopher, scientist, Franciscan monk and education reformer (1294).
June 12
Dame Marie Rambert, founder of the Rambert dance company (1982).
June 13
Alexander The Great, of fever at Babylon (in Iraq), Greek commander (BC 323).
June 14
Jerome K Jerome, English author of 'Three Men in a Boat' (1927).
G K Chesterton, English author of the Father Brown detective series (1936).
June 15
Wat Tyler, leader of the English Peasants' Revolt (1381).
June 16
François Pilâtre de Rozier, killed whilst trying to balloon across the English Channel (1785).
Wernher von Braun, German rocket engineer and developer of V2 rockets (1977).
June 19
Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, the first to reach the South Pole (1928).
James Matthew Barrie, Scottish writer whose work included 'Peter Pan' (1937).
June 20
Richard Brandon, official executioner of London, who executed King Charles I (1649).
King William IV (1837).
June 22
Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian statesman and political philosopher (1527).
Judy Garland, American film actress and singer, from an overdose (1969).
June 24
Tony Hancock, English comedy actor, committed suicide in a hotel room in Sydney (1968).
June 25
George Custer, American cavalry general, killed by Sioux Indians (1876).
June 26
King George IV (1830).
Carl Foreman, film producer and writer (1984).
June 27
Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter, architect and biographer (1574).
aged 4 years, Christian Heinechen, Danish prodigy who spoke fluent Latin and French (1721).
June 28
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by a 19 years old student (1914).
June 29
PC William Grantham, first poilceman to die on duty while attempting to stop a brawl (1829).
David Niven, English film actor (1983).
JULY
July 1
Michael Landon, American TV actor (1991).
July 2
Michel Nostradamus, French physician and astrologer (1566).
Ernest Hemingway, American novelist, committed suicide fearing ill health(1961).
July 4
Thomas Jefferson, third American president (1826).
Marie Curie, Polish-born French physicist who pioneered radioactivity (1934).
July 6
Guy De Maupassant, French novelist and short-story writer (1893).
Louis Armstrong, American jazz trumpet player and singer (1971).
July 7
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish novelist (1930).
July 8
Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (1822).
Vivien Leigh, British actress and double Academy Award winner (1967).
July 9
King Camp Gillette, American inventor of the safety razor blade (1932).
July 10
Roman Emperor Hadrian, creator of 'Hadrian's Wall' (AD138).
Mel Blanc, American actor responsible for various cartoon voices (1989).
July 11
Nero, Roman emperor, committed suicide (66BC).
Lord Laurence Olivier, English actor (1989).
July 12
Titus Oates, English clergyman and conspirator (1705).
Hitoshi Igarashi, Japanese translator of 'Satanic Verses', stabbed to death, Tokyo (1991).
July 13
Jean Paul Marat, French revolutionary leader, stabbed to death in his bath (1793).
July 14
Grock, famous Swiss clown (1959).
July 15
outlaw William H Bonney, ('Billy The Kid'), shot by Sheriff Pat Garrett, New Mexico (1881).
Anton Chekhov, Russian dramatist and short story writer (1904).
July 16
Tsar of Russia, Nichollas II, and his family, murdered by the Bolsheviks, Russia (1918).
July 17
Thomas Cook, founder of the famous travel agency (1892).
July 18
Jane Austen, English novelist, works include 'Pride and Prejudice' (1817).
July 20
Ignaz Semmelweiss, Austrian doctor (1865).
Guglielmo Marconi, Italian electrical engineer (1937).
July 21
Robert Burns, national poet of Scotland (1796).
James Fixx, founder of the 'jogging' craze, suffered a heart attack while jogging (1884).
July 24
Matthew Webb, first man to swim the English channel (1883).
Peter Sellers, English comic actor (1980).
July 25
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet (1834).
July 27
James Mason, English actor (1984).
July 28
Anotonio Vivaldi, Italian composer and violinist noted for his Four Seasons (1741).
Johann Sebastian Bach, prolific German music composer and father of 20 children (1750).
July 29
Robert Schumann, German composer, in an asylum near Bonn (1856).
Vincent Van Gogh, Dutch painter, having shot himself in the chest two days earlier (1890).
July 30
Thomas Gray, English poet (1771).
July 31
Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist and composer (1886).
Jim Reeves, killed in an air crash (1964).
August 1
Queen Anne, with George I succeeding her to the throne (1714).
August 2
King William II, accidentally killed by an arrow while hunting in the New Forest (1100).
Thomas Gainsborough, English landscape painter (1788).
August 3
Peter Collins, British racing driver, killed in an accident at the German Grand Prix (1958).
Lenny Bruce, US comedian from a drugs overdose (1966).
August 4
Hans Christian Anderson, Danish fairy-tale writer, in Copenhagen (1875).
Eddie Condon, US jazz guitarist (1973).
August 5
Marilyn Monroe American film actress, apparently from an overdose of sleeping pills (1962).
Richard Burton, Welsh actor, in a Geneva hospital from a cerebral haemorrhage (1984).
August 6
Anne Hathaway, wife of William Shakespeare (1623).
Pope Paul VI of a heart attack (1978).
August 7
Bix Beiderbecke, legendary US jazz musician and composer (1931).
Oliver Hardy, US comedian and half of the Laurel and Hardy duo (1957).
August 9
Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer (1975).
August 11
Jackson Pollock, US painter, killed when his car hit a tree (1956).
August 12
George Stephenson, English engineer, designer of the first steam engine (1848).
Ian Fleming, English author and creator of James Bond (1964).
August 13
Florence Nightingale (1910).
H G Wells, English writer whose works include 'The War of the Worlds' (1946).
August 14
Rin Tin Tin, Hollywood star dog (1932).
J B Priestley, English novelist (1984).
August 15
Died, Macbeth, King of Scotland, on whose life Shakespeare probably based his play (1057).
August 16
Elvis Presley, American pop singer and dominant personality in early rock and roll (1977).
August 17
Harry Corbett, inventor of Sooty (1989).
August 18
Genghis Khan, Mongol conqueror and controller of the largest empire in history (1227).
August 19
Blaise Pascal, French philosopher and mathematician (1662).
Groucho Marx, US comedian (1977).
August 20
William Booth, English social reformer and founder of the Salvation Army (1912).
August 23
Rudolph Valentino, Italian-born actor, following an appendix operation (1926).
August 24
The Duke of Kent when his flying boat crashed on its way to Iceland (1942).
August 25
James Watt, Scottish engineer (1819).
Michael Faraday, English physicist (1867).
August 26
Ralph Vaughan Williams, English composer (1958).
Sir Francis Chichester, English solo round-the-world yachtsman (1972).
August 29
Born Ingrid Bergman, Oscar-winning Swedish actress (1982).
August 30
Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, reputed to have committed suicide (30BC).
August 31
Henry V, King of England (1422).
Sir Henry Moore, English sculptor (1986).
SEPTEMBER
September 2
Thomas Telford, civil engineer (1834).
Septermber 3
e e cummings, US poet (1962).
September 5
John Home, clergyman and playwright (1808).
September 8
Died, Patrick Cotter O'Brian, Irish giant measuring 8'3 (1783).
September 10
(during child birth) Mrs Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, feminist and (1797).
September 11
Died, Georgi Markov, a Bulgarian defector fatally stabbed by a poisoned umbrella point (1978).
September 14
Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, British military commander and Prime Minister (1852).
September 15
William Huskisson MP, first person to be killed by a train, England (1830).
Isambard Kingdom Brunel, English engineer (1859).
September 16
Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, German physicist and inventor of the thermometer scale (1736).
September 17
Lt Selfridge, first passenger to die in an air crash (1908).
September 20
Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer (1957).
September 21
Sir Walter Scott, Scottish historical novelist (1832).
September 22
Virgil, epic Roman poet whose work includes 'Eclogues' and 'Aeneid' (19BC).
September 23
Sigmund Freud, Austrian psychoanalyst (1939).
September 26
Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (1945).
September 28
Herman Melville, American novelist and short-story writer (1891).
Pope John Paul I, found dead after being pope for just 33 days (1978).
September 30
James Dean, US film actor (1955).
OCTOBER
October 2
Aristotle, Greek philosopher and scientist (322BC).
October 3
Woody Guthrie, US singer and composer (1967).
October 4
Max Planck, German physicist (1947).
October 6
Lord Alfred Tennyson, English poet laureate (1892).
October 7
Edgar Allan Poe, American poet and critic (1849).
October 9
Ernesto 'Che' Guevara, Argentinean guerrilla leader and revolutionary (1967).
October 11
Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (1896).
October 13
Claudius, Roman emperor, poisoned by his wife Agrippina (AD54).
October 15
Mata Hari, Dutch dancer and secret agent in Paris, executed for espionage (1917).
October 16
Marie Antoinette, Queen of Louis XVI and France (1793).
October 17
Frédéric Chopin, Polish-born French musical composer (1849).
October 20
Herbert Hoover, 31st American President (1964).
Sir Anthony Quayle, English actor who specialised in Shakespearian roles (1989).
October 21
Horatio Lord Nelson, British admiral (1805).
October 25
Geoffrey Chaucer, first great English poet, most famous work, the 'Canterbury Tales' (1400).
October 27
Died, Marcus Junius Brutus, assassin of Julius Caesar, committed suicide (42BC).
October 29
Sir Walter Raleigh, English navigator and adventurer, beheaded for treason(1618).
October 30
Edmund Cartwright, English engineer and inventor of the power-loom (1823).
October 31
Max Reinhardt, leading Austrian director (1943).
NOVEMBER
November 2
George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright (1950).
November 3
Henri Matisse, French painter (1954).
November 5
Robert Maxwell, Czech-born British publisher (1991).
November 8
John Milton, English poet (1674).
November 9
Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet, alcohol poisoning (1953).
November 12
Percival Lowell, US astronomer (1916).
November 13
Camille Pissarro, French painter (1903).
November 15
Johannes Kepler, German astronomer, discover of laws governing planetary motion (1630).
November 16
William Clark Gable, US film actor (1960).
November 19
Count Anthony Matthioli, imprisoned by King Louis XIV of France for betrayal (1703).
November 21
Henry Purcell, English musician and composer of the first English opera (1695).
November 22
Mae West, American actress (1980).
John F Kennedy, American US president assassinated in Dallas, USA (1963).
November 24
Lee Harvey Oswald, alleged assassin of President Kennedy, shot while in police custody
(1963).
Freddy Mercury, flamboyant lead singer with Queen (1991).
November 26
John Loudoun MacAdam, British surveyor (1836).
November 27
Ross McWhirter, British editor with his brother of 'The Guinness Book of Records' (1975).
November 30
Euripides, last of the trio of Greek tragic dramatists after Aeschylus and Sophocles (406BC).
DECEMBER
December 2
Philip Larkin, English poet (1985).
December 3
Frank Zappa, American rock singer, songwriter and guitarist (1993).
December 5
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer (1791).
December 7
William Bligh, English captain of the Bounty (1817).
December 8
Scaramouche, celebrated Italian clown (1694).
John Lennon, English rock singer and songwriter, assassinated in New York (1980).
December 9
Dame Edith Sitwell, English poet (1964).
December 12
Sir Mark Isambard Brunel, French-born English engineer (1849).
December 13
Dr Samuel Johnson, English lexicographer, writer and critic (1784).
December 14
George Washington, American soldier and statesman, first American President (1799).
December 19
Joseph Mallord William Turner, English painter of seascapes (1851).
Emily Bronte, English author of 'Wuthering Heights' (1848).
December 22
Beatrix Potter, English writer for children (1943).
December 29
Thomas à Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, murdered by 4 Knights (1170).
December 31
John Flamsteed, first Astronomer Royal (1719).